For a patient with stage 5 CKD, to what level should phosphorus intake be limited?

In stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD), the kidneys are significantly impaired, affecting their ability to filter waste products, including phosphorus. Patients at this stage often experience hyperphosphatemia, leading to complications such as bone disease and cardiovascular issues.

The general recommendation for phosphorus intake in patients with stage 5 CKD who are not on dialysis is typically limited to moderate levels, which falls within the range of 800 to 1200 mg per day. This restriction helps manage serum phosphorus levels effectively while still allowing for adequate nutrition. It's important that dietary phosphorus is monitored to alleviate further risks associated with elevated phosphate levels.

In contrast, the other options present higher intake levels which may pose a risk for patients with advanced kidney disease. Managing phosphorus intake becomes crucial in preventing further complications linked to CKD and its associated conditions.